钢结构防火维护的原理是选用绝热或吸热的资料隔绝火焰直接灼烧钢结构，下降热量向钢材传递的速度，推迟钢结构温升和强度削弱的时刻。依据《钢结构防火涂料》（GB14907-2002），钢结构防火涂料定义为施涂于建筑物及构筑的钢结构表面，能构成耐火隔热维护层以进步钢结构耐火极限的涂料。现在，国内外钢结构防火涂料首要有基体树脂、催化剂、成碳剂、发泡剂等构成。
The principle of steel structure fire protection maintenance is to use adiabatic or endothermic data to isolate the flame, directly burn the steel structure, decrease the speed of heat transfer to the steel, and delay the temperature rise and strength weakening of the steel structure. On the basis of "fire retardant coatings for steel structure steel structure" (GB14907-2002), defined as a fire retardant coating applied to the surface of steel structure building and structure, can constitute a refractory insulating layer to maintain the progress of steel structure fireproof limit of coating. Now, the domestic and foreign steel structure fireproof coating mainly has the matrix resin, the catalyst, the carbon agent, the foaming agent and so on.
1.基体树脂
1. matrix resin
基体树脂与其它组分配伍，既确保了涂料在正常条件下具有各种运用功能，又能在火焰灼烧或高温条件下具有难燃性和优秀的胀大发泡功能。一般情况下，丙烯酸树脂防火涂料的炭化层质量较高，故一般选用丙烯酸树脂作为主成膜物，并对其进行改性，以进步涂料的全体效果。
The compatibility between the base resin and other components ensures that the coating has various functions under normal conditions, and has the advantages of flame resistance and excellent expansion and foaming function under the condition of flame burning or high temperature. Under normal circumstances, acrylic resin fire retardant coating of carbonized layer quality is higher, so generally choose acrylic resin as the main film, and its modification, in order to improve the overall effect of paint.
2.催化剂
2. catalysts
催化剂是一种能在必定条件下分化出磷酸的物质，分化出的酸使多元醇脱水，从而使之构成不易燃的三维空间结构的炭化层。一般，磷酸三聚氰胺的水溶性较聚磷酸胺小，且兼具催化和发泡两层功效，现在首要选用磷酸三聚氰胺为催化剂。
The catalyst is a material that can differentiate phosphoric acid under certain conditions. The acid that is separated can dehydrate the polyol so as to form a carbonized layer with no combustible three-dimensional structure. Generally, the water-soluble property of melamine phosphate is smaller than that of phosphoric acid, and it has two functions of catalysis and foaming. Now, melamine is used as the catalyst.
3.成碳剂
3. carbon
成碳剂是涂层在高温下构成不易燃三维空间结构的泡沫碳化层的物质基础，对泡沫炭化层起骨架效果。成碳剂在分化温度上要和催化剂相匹配，当选用聚磷酸胺作催化剂时就运用热稳定性高的含高碳多羟基化合物作成碳剂，如季戊四醇、二戊季醇超薄型防火涂料用于广东大亚湾核电站暴露厂房屋架上已达十几年之久，仍可正常运用。但其缺点是施工时气味大、涂层易老化，淀粉等。运用淀粉做成碳剂，涂层的耐水性问题不易处理，而二季戊四醇因为其报价因素，在国内也很少运用，现在国内遍及选用季戊四醇作为防火涂料的成碳剂。
Carbon - based agent is the material base of foam carbonization layer with non - inflammable three-dimensional space structure at high temperature. Carbon forming agent temperature and catalyst to differentiation in the match, when using ammonium polyphosphate as catalyst when using high carbon high thermal stability of polyhydroxy compound as carbon agent, such as the Guangdong Dayawan nuclear power plant exposed for more than a decade has reached the factory building frame for two season, amyl alcohol pentaerythritol ultra-thin fire retardant the coating can be normally used. But its drawback is that the construction of large odor, coating aging, starch and so on. The use of starch made of carbon agent, problems of water resistance coating is not easy to deal with, but because of the price factor two pentaerythritol, rarely used in the country, now throughout the country using pentaerythritol as carbon forming agent fire retardant coatings.
4.发泡剂
4. foaming agent
胀大型防火涂料只要在发泡剂的效果下，才能在高温火焰下发生胀大层。发泡剂遇火分化并释放出氨、水、二氧化碳、卤化氢等不燃性气体，使涂层在抵达软化点的情况下发泡胀大，构成海绵状结构。
Expansion of large fire retardant coating, as long as the effect of blowing agent in order to produce a high temperature flame layer. When the foaming agent is divided into a fire, the non flammable gases such as ammonia, water, carbon dioxide and halogenated hydrogen are released, so that the foam is expanded and expanded when the softening point is reached, and the sponge structure is formed.

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